Automatically assigned DDC number: 00632
Manually assigned DDC number: 00631
Number of references: 16
Title: Switching State-Space Models
Author:
Author:
Subject: Zoubin Ghahramani,Geoffrey E. Hinton Switching State-Space Models
Description: We introduce a statistical model for times series data with nonlinear dynamics which iteratively segments the data into regimes with approximately linear dynamics and learns the parameters of each of those regimes. This model combines and generalizes two of the most widely used stochastic time series models---the hidden Markov model and the linear dynamical system---and is related to models that are widely used in the control and econometrics literatures. It can also be derived by extending the mixture of experts neural network model (Jacobs et al., 1991) to its fully dynamical version, in which both expert and gating networks are recurrent. Inferring the posterior probabilities of the hidden states of this model is computationally intractable, and therefore the exact Expectation Maximization (EM) alogithm cannot be applied. However, we present a variational approximation which maximizes a lower bound on the log likelihood and makes use of both the forward--backward recursio...
Contributor: The Pennsylvania State University CiteSeer Archives
Publisher: unknown
Date: 2000-02-14
Pubyear: 1996
Format: ps
Identifier: http://citeseer.ist.psu.edu/361554.html
Source: http://vocal.gatsby.ucl.ac.uk/hinton/absps/../../Hinton/absps/switch.ps
Language: en
Relation:
Relation:
Relation:
Relation:
Relation:
Relation:
Relation:
Relation:
Relation:
Relation:
Relation:
Relation:
Relation:
Relation:
Relation:
Relation:
Rights: unrestricted
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<references_metadata>
<rec ID="/62359.html" Type="inproceedings" CiteSeer_Book="Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems" CiteSeer_Volume="" Title="An Input Output {HMM} Architecture,">
<identifier Org="ISBN:0122090551" Paper_ID="/62359.html" Extracted="0122090551" DDC="006.4/54" Normalized_DDC="006454" Normalized_Weight="0.06666666666666667" />
<identifier Org="ISBN:0262011972" Paper_ID="/62359.html" Extracted="0262011972" DDC="612.8/2" Normalized_DDC="61282" Normalized_Weight="0.06666666666666667" />
<identifier Org="ISBN:0262100657" Paper_ID="/62359.html" Extracted="0262100657" />
<identifier Org="ISBN:0262201046" Paper_ID="/62359.html" Extracted="0262201046" />
<identifier Org="ISBN:0262201070" Paper_ID="/62359.html" Extracted="0262201070" DDC="006.3" Normalized_DDC="0063" Normalized_Weight="0.06666666666666667" />
<identifier Org="ISBN:0780353692" Paper_ID="/62359.html" Extracted="0780353692" DDC="006.3/2" Normalized_DDC="00632" Normalized_Weight="0.06666666666666667" />
<identifier Org="ISBN:0780360109" Paper_ID="/62359.html" Extracted="0780360109" DDC="621.382/2" Normalized_DDC="6213822" Normalized_Weight="0.06666666666666667" />
<identifier Org="ISBN:0792382900" Paper_ID="/62359.html" Extracted="0792382900" DDC="006.3/2" Normalized_DDC="00632" Normalized_Weight="0.06666666666666667" />
<identifier Org="ISBN:0818679190" Paper_ID="/62359.html" Extracted="0818679190" />
<identifier Org="ISBN:185233004X" Paper_ID="/62359.html" Extracted="185233004X" DDC="006.3/2" Normalized_DDC="00632" Normalized_Weight="0.06666666666666667" />
<identifier Org="ISBN:3540366679" Paper_ID="/62359.html" Extracted="3540366679" DDC="006.3" Normalized_DDC="0063" Normalized_Weight="0.06666666666666667" />
<identifier Org="ISBN:3540411801" Paper_ID="/62359.html" Extracted="3540411801" DDC="004/.01/9" Normalized_DDC="004019" Normalized_Weight="0.06666666666666667" />
<identifier Org="ISBN:3540415971" Paper_ID="/62359.html" Extracted="3540415971" DDC="006.3/1" Normalized_DDC="00631" Normalized_Weight="0.06666666666666667" />
<identifier Org="ISBN:3540417672" Paper_ID="/62359.html" Extracted="3540417672" DDC="006.4" Normalized_DDC="0064" Normalized_Weight="0.06666666666666667" />
<identifier Org="ISBN:3540429565" Paper_ID="/62359.html" Extracted="3540429565" DDC="500" Normalized_DDC="50" Normalized_Weight="0.06666666666666667" />
<identifier Org="ISBN:3540643419" Paper_ID="/62359.html" Extracted="3540643419" DDC="006.3/2" Normalized_DDC="00632" Normalized_Weight="0.06666666666666667" />
<identifier Org="ISBN:9051993048" Paper_ID="/62359.html" Extracted="9051993048" DDC="006.3/2" Normalized_DDC="00632" Normalized_Weight="0.06666666666666667" />
<identifier Org="ISBN:9058096912" Paper_ID="/62359.html" Extracted="9058096912" />
<identifier Org="ISBN:981022270X" Paper_ID="/62359.html" Extracted="981022270X" DDC="006.424" Normalized_DDC="006424" Normalized_Weight="0.06666666666666667" />
</rec>
<rec ID="/521789.html" Type="article" CiteSeer_Book="IEEE Transactions on Speech and Audio Processing" CiteSeer_Volume="1" Title="{ML} estimation of a stochastic linear system with the {EM} algorithm and its application to speech recognition,">
<identifier Org="ISBN:0123695317" Paper_ID="/521789.html" Extracted="0123695317" DDC="006.4" Normalized_DDC="0064" Normalized_Weight="0.07692307692307693" />
<identifier Org="ISBN:0262600420" Paper_ID="/521789.html" Extracted="0262600420" DDC="006.3/2" Normalized_DDC="00632" Normalized_Weight="0.07692307692307693" />
<identifier Org="ISBN:030648191X" Paper_ID="/521789.html" Extracted="030648191X" DDC="621.382" Normalized_DDC="621382" Normalized_Weight="0.07692307692307693" />
<identifier Org="ISBN:0387763155" Paper_ID="/521789.html" Extracted="0387763155" DDC="005.437 22 22 22 22 22" Normalized_DDC="0054372222222222" Normalized_Weight="0.07692307692307693" />
<identifier Org="ISBN:038794804X" Paper_ID="/521789.html" Extracted="038794804X" DDC="414/.6" Normalized_DDC="4146" Normalized_Weight="0.07692307692307693" />
<identifier Org="ISBN:0769501648" Paper_ID="/521789.html" Extracted="0769501648" />
<identifier Org="ISBN:076952334X" Paper_ID="/521789.html" Extracted="076952334X" />
<identifier Org="ISBN:0780309464" Paper_ID="/521789.html" Extracted="0780309464" DDC="621.38" Normalized_DDC="62138" Normalized_Weight="0.07692307692307693" />
<identifier Org="ISBN:0780324323" Paper_ID="/521789.html" Extracted="0780324323" />
<identifier Org="ISBN:0780335120" Paper_ID="/521789.html" Extracted="0780335120" DDC="621.382/2" Normalized_DDC="6213822" Normalized_Weight="0.07692307692307693" />
<identifier Org="ISBN:0780335554" Paper_ID="/521789.html" Extracted="0780335554" DDC="006.4/54" Normalized_DDC="006454" Normalized_Weight="0.07692307692307693" />
<identifier Org="ISBN:0780378989" Paper_ID="/521789.html" Extracted="0780378989" />
<identifier Org="ISBN:0792397061" Paper_ID="/521789.html" Extracted="0792397061" DDC="006.4/54" Normalized_DDC="006454" Normalized_Weight="0.07692307692307693" />
<identifier Org="ISBN:0817639896" Paper_ID="/521789.html" Extracted="0817639896" DDC="629.8/9" Normalized_DDC="62989" Normalized_Weight="0.07692307692307693" />
<identifier Org="ISBN:0818679204" Paper_ID="/521789.html" Extracted="0818679204" />
<identifier Org="ISBN:0824740408" Paper_ID="/521789.html" Extracted="0824740408" DDC="621.389" Normalized_DDC="621389" Normalized_Weight="0.07692307692307693" />
<identifier Org="ISBN:1598290649" Paper_ID="/521789.html" Extracted="1598290649" DDC="P95" Normalized_DDC="95" Normalized_Weight="0.07692307692307693" />
<identifier Org="ISBN:3540643419" Paper_ID="/521789.html" Extracted="3540643419" DDC="006.3/2" Normalized_DDC="00632" Normalized_Weight="0.07692307692307693" />
<identifier Org="ISBN:3865377017" Paper_ID="/521789.html" Extracted="3865377017" />
</rec>
<rec ID="/337379.html" Type="article" CiteSeer_Book="Artificial Intelligence" CiteSeer_Volume="78" Title="Learning to Track the Visual Motion of Contours,">
<identifier Org="ISBN:0262100657" Paper_ID="/337379.html" Extracted="0262100657" />
<identifier Org="ISBN:0387342230" Paper_ID="/337379.html" Extracted="0387342230" DDC="006.3" Normalized_DDC="0063" Normalized_Weight="0.07692307692307693" />
<identifier Org="ISBN:0780344669" Paper_ID="/337379.html" Extracted="0780344669" DDC="629.8/92" Normalized_DDC="629892" Normalized_Weight="0.07692307692307693" />
<identifier Org="ISBN:0780350987" Paper_ID="/337379.html" Extracted="0780350987" DDC="006.3/7" Normalized_DDC="00637" Normalized_Weight="0.07692307692307693" />
<identifier Org="ISBN:0792346181" Paper_ID="/337379.html" Extracted="0792346181" DDC="006.4/2" Normalized_DDC="00642" Normalized_Weight="0.07692307692307693" />
<identifier Org="ISBN:0792379276" Paper_ID="/337379.html" Extracted="0792379276" DDC="621.389/28" Normalized_DDC="62138928" Normalized_Weight="0.07692307692307693" />
<identifier Org="ISBN:1586030345" Paper_ID="/337379.html" Extracted="1586030345" DDC="006.4" Normalized_DDC="0064" Normalized_Weight="0.07692307692307693" />
<identifier Org="ISBN:1586032399" Paper_ID="/337379.html" Extracted="1586032399" DDC="629.8/9263" Normalized_DDC="62989263" Normalized_Weight="0.07692307692307693" />
<identifier Org="ISBN:3540402179" Paper_ID="/337379.html" Extracted="3540402179" DDC="006.4/2" Normalized_DDC="00642" Normalized_Weight="0.07692307692307693" />
<identifier Org="ISBN:3540611231" Paper_ID="/337379.html" Extracted="3540611231" DDC="006.4/2" Normalized_DDC="00642" Normalized_Weight="0.07692307692307693" />
<identifier Org="ISBN:3540626603" Paper_ID="/337379.html" Extracted="3540626603" DDC="006.4" Normalized_DDC="0064" Normalized_Weight="0.07692307692307693" />
<identifier Org="ISBN:3540634606" Paper_ID="/337379.html" Extracted="3540634606" DDC="006.4/2" Normalized_DDC="00642" Normalized_Weight="0.07692307692307693" />
<identifier Org="ISBN:3540639314" Paper_ID="/337379.html" Extracted="3540639314" DDC="621.36/7" Normalized_DDC="621367" Normalized_Weight="0.07692307692307693" />
<identifier Org="ISBN:3540723943" Paper_ID="/337379.html" Extracted="3540723943" />
<identifier Org="ISBN:3898380815" Paper_ID="/337379.html" Extracted="3898380815" DDC="005.1/18" Normalized_DDC="005118" Normalized_Weight="0.07692307692307693" />
</rec>
<rec ID="/560990.html" Type="techreport" CiteSeer_Book="" CiteSeer_Volume="" Title="On Structured Variational Approximations,">
<identifier Org="ISBN:0262600420" Paper_ID="/560990.html" Extracted="0262600420" DDC="006.3/2" Normalized_DDC="00632" Normalized_Weight="0.5" />
<identifier Org="ISBN:3540680195" Paper_ID="/560990.html" Extracted="3540680195" DDC="006.37015115" Normalized_DDC="00637015115" Normalized_Weight="0.5" />
</rec>
<rec ID="/29241.html" Type="techreport" CiteSeer_Book="" CiteSeer_Volume="" Title="Parameter Estimation for Linear Dynamical Systems,">
<identifier Org="ISBN:0262194503" Paper_ID="/29241.html" Extracted="0262194503" />
<identifier Org="ISBN:0262600420" Paper_ID="/29241.html" Extracted="0262600420" DDC="006.3/2" Normalized_DDC="00632" Normalized_Weight="0.1111111111111111" />
<identifier Org="ISBN:038788145X" Paper_ID="/29241.html" Extracted="038788145X" DDC="003.015195" Normalized_DDC="003015195" Normalized_Weight="0.1111111111111111" />
<identifier Org="ISBN:0471369985" Paper_ID="/29241.html" Extracted="0471369985" DDC="006.3/2" Normalized_DDC="00632" Normalized_Weight="0.1111111111111111" />
<identifier Org="ISBN:076952334X" Paper_ID="/29241.html" Extracted="076952334X" />
<identifier Org="ISBN:0780385780" Paper_ID="/29241.html" Extracted="0780385780" />
<identifier Org="ISBN:1575863391" Paper_ID="/29241.html" Extracted="1575863391" DDC="006.3" Normalized_DDC="0063" Normalized_Weight="0.1111111111111111" />
<identifier Org="ISBN:3540202218" Paper_ID="/29241.html" Extracted="3540202218" DDC="620/.0042/0285" Normalized_DDC="62000420285" Normalized_Weight="0.1111111111111111" />
<identifier Org="ISBN:354024509X" Paper_ID="/29241.html" Extracted="354024509X" DDC="006.3/1" Normalized_DDC="00631" Normalized_Weight="0.1111111111111111" />
<identifier Org="ISBN:3540334238" Paper_ID="/29241.html" Extracted="3540334238" DDC="370.285" Normalized_DDC="370285" Normalized_Weight="0.1111111111111111" />
<identifier Org="ISBN:3540643419" Paper_ID="/29241.html" Extracted="3540643419" DDC="006.3/2" Normalized_DDC="00632" Normalized_Weight="0.1111111111111111" />
<identifier Org="ISBN:3540679731" Paper_ID="/29241.html" Extracted="3540679731" DDC="006.3/7" Normalized_DDC="00637" Normalized_Weight="0.1111111111111111" />
<identifier Org="ISBN:3865377017" Paper_ID="/29241.html" Extracted="3865377017" />
</rec>
<rec ID="/51856.html" Type="inproceedings" CiteSeer_Book="Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems" CiteSeer_Volume="" Title="Mixtures of Controllers for Jump Linear and Non-Linear Plants,">
<identifier Org="ISBN:0122090551" Paper_ID="/51856.html" Extracted="0122090551" DDC="006.4/54" Normalized_DDC="006454" Normalized_Weight="0.1" />
<identifier Org="ISBN:0262201046" Paper_ID="/51856.html" Extracted="0262201046" />
<identifier Org="ISBN:0262600420" Paper_ID="/51856.html" Extracted="0262600420" DDC="006.3/2" Normalized_DDC="00632" Normalized_Weight="0.1" />
<identifier Org="ISBN:0387949747" Paper_ID="/51856.html" Extracted="0387949747" DDC="612.7/6" Normalized_DDC="61276" Normalized_Weight="0.1" />
<identifier Org="ISBN:0780342577" Paper_ID="/51856.html" Extracted="0780342577" />
<identifier Org="ISBN:0791813002" Paper_ID="/51856.html" Extracted="0791813002" />
<identifier Org="ISBN:0819421413" Paper_ID="/51856.html" Extracted="0819421413" DDC="006.3/2" Normalized_DDC="00632" Normalized_Weight="0.1" />
<identifier Org="ISBN:1558603352" Paper_ID="/51856.html" Extracted="1558603352" DDC="006.3/1" Normalized_DDC="00631" Normalized_Weight="0.1" />
<identifier Org="ISBN:185233004X" Paper_ID="/51856.html" Extracted="185233004X" DDC="006.3/2" Normalized_DDC="00632" Normalized_Weight="0.1" />
<identifier Org="ISBN:3540615105" Paper_ID="/51856.html" Extracted="3540615105" DDC="006.3" Normalized_DDC="0063" Normalized_Weight="0.1" />
<identifier Org="ISBN:3540643419" Paper_ID="/51856.html" Extracted="3540643419" DDC="006.3/2" Normalized_DDC="00632" Normalized_Weight="0.1" />
<identifier Org="ISBN:3540760997" Paper_ID="/51856.html" Extracted="3540760997" DDC="006.3" Normalized_DDC="0063" Normalized_Weight="0.1" />
<identifier Org="ISBN:9027223548" Paper_ID="/51856.html" Extracted="9027223548" DDC="401/.9" Normalized_DDC="4019" Normalized_Weight="0.1" />
</rec>
<rec ID="/173068.html" Type="techreport" CiteSeer_Book="" CiteSeer_Volume="" Title="The {EM} Algorithm for Mixtures of Factor Analyzers,">
<identifier Org="ISBN:0080430767" Paper_ID="/173068.html" Extracted="0080430767" DDC="300/.3" Normalized_DDC="3003" Normalized_Weight="0.07692307692307693" />
<identifier Org="ISBN:0262012111" Paper_ID="/173068.html" Extracted="0262012111" DDC="006.3/1" Normalized_DDC="00631" Normalized_Weight="0.07692307692307693" />
<identifier Org="ISBN:0262112450" Paper_ID="/173068.html" Extracted="0262112450" />
<identifier Org="ISBN:0262122413" Paper_ID="/173068.html" Extracted="0262122413" />
<identifier Org="ISBN:0262194503" Paper_ID="/173068.html" Extracted="0262194503" />
<identifier Org="ISBN:0262195348" Paper_ID="/173068.html" Extracted="0262195348" />
<identifier Org="ISBN:0262600323" Paper_ID="/173068.html" Extracted="0262600323" DDC="519.5" Normalized_DDC="5195" Normalized_Weight="0.07692307692307693" />
<identifier Org="ISBN:0262600420" Paper_ID="/173068.html" Extracted="0262600420" DDC="006.3/2" Normalized_DDC="00632" Normalized_Weight="0.07692307692307693" />
<identifier Org="ISBN:0471369985" Paper_ID="/173068.html" Extracted="0471369985" DDC="006.3/2" Normalized_DDC="00632" Normalized_Weight="0.07692307692307693" />
<identifier Org="ISBN:0769511430" Paper_ID="/173068.html" Extracted="0769511430" />
<identifier Org="ISBN:0780372824" Paper_ID="/173068.html" Extracted="0780372824" />
<identifier Org="ISBN:0792374096" Paper_ID="/173068.html" Extracted="0792374096" DDC="004/.01/9" Normalized_DDC="004019" Normalized_Weight="0.07692307692307693" />
<identifier Org="ISBN:1932078207" Paper_ID="/173068.html" Extracted="1932078207" DDC="624.1/71" Normalized_DDC="624171" Normalized_Weight="0.07692307692307693" />
<identifier Org="ISBN:3540231226" Paper_ID="/173068.html" Extracted="3540231226" DDC="006.3/1" Normalized_DDC="00631" Normalized_Weight="0.07692307692307693" />
<identifier Org="ISBN:3540354875" Paper_ID="/173068.html" Extracted="3540354875" DDC="006.3" Normalized_DDC="0063" Normalized_Weight="0.07692307692307693" />
<identifier Org="ISBN:3540405046" Paper_ID="/173068.html" Extracted="3540405046" DDC="006.3/1" Normalized_DDC="00631" Normalized_Weight="0.07692307692307693" />
<identifier Org="ISBN:3540440747" Paper_ID="/173068.html" Extracted="3540440747" DDC="006.3/2" Normalized_DDC="00632" Normalized_Weight="0.07692307692307693" />
<identifier Org="ISBN:354044209X" Paper_ID="/173068.html" Extracted="354044209X" DDC="006.4/2" Normalized_DDC="00642" Normalized_Weight="0.07692307692307693" />
<identifier Org="ISBN:3790817082" Paper_ID="/173068.html" Extracted="3790817082" DDC="519.50285" Normalized_DDC="51950285" Normalized_Weight="0.07692307692307693" />
</rec>
<rec ID="/525903.html" Type="inproceedings" CiteSeer_Book="Proc Conf Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems NIPS" CiteSeer_Volume="" Title="Factorial Hidden {M}arkov Models," />
<rec ID="/331701.html" Type="inproceedings" CiteSeer_Book="ECCV 1" CiteSeer_Volume="" Title="Contour Tracking by Stochastic Propagation of Conditional Density,">
<identifier Org="ISBN:0199257205" Paper_ID="/331701.html" Extracted="0199257205" DDC="519.2/3" Normalized_DDC="51923" Normalized_Weight="0.0625" />
<identifier Org="ISBN:0262731444" Paper_ID="/331701.html" Extracted="0262731444" DDC="153.03" Normalized_DDC="15303" Normalized_Weight="0.0625" />
<identifier Org="ISBN:038736742X" Paper_ID="/331701.html" Extracted="038736742X" DDC="621.3848" Normalized_DDC="6213848" Normalized_Weight="0.0625" />
<identifier Org="ISBN:0471719986" Paper_ID="/331701.html" Extracted="0471719986" DDC="621.36/7" Normalized_DDC="621367" Normalized_Weight="0.0625" />
<identifier Org="ISBN:1586034529" Paper_ID="/331701.html" Extracted="1586034529" />
<identifier Org="ISBN:354020590X" Paper_ID="/331701.html" Extracted="354020590X" DDC="006.4" Normalized_DDC="0064" Normalized_Weight="0.0625" />
<identifier Org="ISBN:3540219811" Paper_ID="/331701.html" Extracted="3540219811" DDC="006.3/7" Normalized_DDC="00637" Normalized_Weight="0.0625" />
<identifier Org="ISBN:3540229582" Paper_ID="/331701.html" Extracted="3540229582" DDC="006.6" Normalized_DDC="0066" Normalized_Weight="0.0625" />
<identifier Org="ISBN:3540283315" Paper_ID="/331701.html" Extracted="3540283315" DDC="006.33" Normalized_DDC="00633" Normalized_Weight="0.0625" />
<identifier Org="ISBN:3540402179" Paper_ID="/331701.html" Extracted="3540402179" DDC="006.4/2" Normalized_DDC="00642" Normalized_Weight="0.0625" />
<identifier Org="ISBN:3540406018" Paper_ID="/331701.html" Extracted="3540406018" DDC="621.36/7" Normalized_DDC="621367" Normalized_Weight="0.0625" />
<identifier Org="ISBN:3540407308" Paper_ID="/331701.html" Extracted="3540407308" DDC="006.4/2" Normalized_DDC="00642" Normalized_Weight="0.0625" />
<identifier Org="ISBN:3540423176" Paper_ID="/331701.html" Extracted="3540423176" DDC="006.3/7" Normalized_DDC="00637" Normalized_Weight="0.0625" />
<identifier Org="ISBN:3540437460" Paper_ID="/331701.html" Extracted="3540437460" DDC="006.3/7" Normalized_DDC="00637" Normalized_Weight="0.0625" />
<identifier Org="ISBN:354044209X" Paper_ID="/331701.html" Extracted="354044209X" DDC="006.4/2" Normalized_DDC="00642" Normalized_Weight="0.0625" />
<identifier Org="ISBN:3540611223" Paper_ID="/331701.html" Extracted="3540611223" DDC="006.4/2" Normalized_DDC="00642" Normalized_Weight="0.0625" />
<identifier Org="ISBN:3540695672" Paper_ID="/331701.html" Extracted="3540695672" DDC="006.4" Normalized_DDC="0064" Normalized_Weight="0.0625" />
<identifier Org="ISBN:3540709312" Paper_ID="/331701.html" Extracted="3540709312" />
<identifier Org="ISBN:3540723943" Paper_ID="/331701.html" Extracted="3540723943" />
</rec>
<rec ID="/85700.html" Type="article" CiteSeer_Book="Machine Learning" CiteSeer_Volume="37" Title="An Introduction to Variational Methods for Graphical Models,">
<identifier Org="ISBN:0198526156" Paper_ID="/85700.html" Extracted="0198526156" DDC="519.542" Normalized_DDC="519542" Normalized_Weight="0.08333333333333333" />
<identifier Org="ISBN:0262012111" Paper_ID="/85700.html" Extracted="0262012111" DDC="006.3/1" Normalized_DDC="00631" Normalized_Weight="0.08333333333333333" />
<identifier Org="ISBN:0262025507" Paper_ID="/85700.html" Extracted="0262025507" DDC="006.3" Normalized_DDC="0063" Normalized_Weight="0.08333333333333333" />
<identifier Org="ISBN:026204207X" Paper_ID="/85700.html" Extracted="026204207X" />
<identifier Org="ISBN:0262122413" Paper_ID="/85700.html" Extracted="0262122413" />
<identifier Org="ISBN:0262194503" Paper_ID="/85700.html" Extracted="0262194503" />
<identifier Org="ISBN:0262600323" Paper_ID="/85700.html" Extracted="0262600323" DDC="519.5" Normalized_DDC="5195" Normalized_Weight="0.08333333333333333" />
<identifier Org="ISBN:0780379977" Paper_ID="/85700.html" Extracted="0780379977" DDC="621.3822" Normalized_DDC="6213822" Normalized_Weight="0.08333333333333333" />
<identifier Org="ISBN:0849373670" Paper_ID="/85700.html" Extracted="0849373670" DDC="621.36/7" Normalized_DDC="621367" Normalized_Weight="0.08333333333333333" />
<identifier Org="ISBN:3540005293" Paper_ID="/85700.html" Extracted="3540005293" DDC="006.3/1" Normalized_DDC="00631" Normalized_Weight="0.08333333333333333" />
<identifier Org="ISBN:3540239316" Paper_ID="/85700.html" Extracted="3540239316" DDC="006.3/2" Normalized_DDC="00632" Normalized_Weight="0.08333333333333333" />
<identifier Org="ISBN:3540287558" Paper_ID="/85700.html" Extracted="3540287558" DDC="006.32" Normalized_DDC="00632" Normalized_Weight="0.08333333333333333" />
<identifier Org="ISBN:3540290737" Paper_ID="/85700.html" Extracted="3540290737" DDC="006.31" Normalized_DDC="00631" Normalized_Weight="0.08333333333333333" />
<identifier Org="ISBN:3540437460" Paper_ID="/85700.html" Extracted="3540437460" DDC="006.3/7" Normalized_DDC="00637" Normalized_Weight="0.08333333333333333" />
<identifier Org="ISBN:3540680195" Paper_ID="/85700.html" Extracted="3540680195" DDC="006.37015115" Normalized_DDC="00637015115" Normalized_Weight="0.08333333333333333" />
<identifier Org="ISBN:3540686339" Paper_ID="/85700.html" Extracted="3540686339" />
<identifier Org="ISBN:3540716807" Paper_ID="/85700.html" Extracted="3540716807" />
</rec>
<rec ID="/528249.html" Type="techreport" CiteSeer_Book="" CiteSeer_Volume="" Title="Hierarchical Mixtures of Experts and the {EM} Algorithm,">
<identifier Org="ISBN:0080430767" Paper_ID="/528249.html" Extracted="0080430767" DDC="300/.3" Normalized_DDC="3003" Normalized_Weight="0.08333333333333333" />
<identifier Org="ISBN:0262071959" Paper_ID="/528249.html" Extracted="0262071959" DDC="153" Normalized_DDC="153" Normalized_Weight="0.08333333333333333" />
<identifier Org="ISBN:0262100657" Paper_ID="/528249.html" Extracted="0262100657" />
<identifier Org="ISBN:0262112450" Paper_ID="/528249.html" Extracted="0262112450" />
<identifier Org="ISBN:0262201070" Paper_ID="/528249.html" Extracted="0262201070" DDC="006.3" Normalized_DDC="0063" Normalized_Weight="0.08333333333333333" />
<identifier Org="ISBN:0262600420" Paper_ID="/528249.html" Extracted="0262600420" DDC="006.3/2" Normalized_DDC="00632" Normalized_Weight="0.08333333333333333" />
<identifier Org="ISBN:0780341236" Paper_ID="/528249.html" Extracted="0780341236" DDC="006.3/2" Normalized_DDC="00632" Normalized_Weight="0.08333333333333333" />
<identifier Org="ISBN:080581745X" Paper_ID="/528249.html" Extracted="080581745X" />
<identifier Org="ISBN:0805821252" Paper_ID="/528249.html" Extracted="0805821252" />
<identifier Org="ISBN:0805826084" Paper_ID="/528249.html" Extracted="0805826084" />
<identifier Org="ISBN:0805855637" Paper_ID="/528249.html" Extracted="0805855637" />
<identifier Org="ISBN:0824722957" Paper_ID="/528249.html" Extracted="0824722957" />
<identifier Org="ISBN:0824747011" Paper_ID="/528249.html" Extracted="0824747011" DDC="519.5/44" Normalized_DDC="519544" Normalized_Weight="0.08333333333333333" />
<identifier Org="ISBN:1586031929" Paper_ID="/528249.html" Extracted="1586031929" DDC="006.3" Normalized_DDC="0063" Normalized_Weight="0.08333333333333333" />
<identifier Org="ISBN:1852334452" Paper_ID="/528249.html" Extracted="1852334452" DDC="005.3" Normalized_DDC="0053" Normalized_Weight="0.08333333333333333" />
<identifier Org="ISBN:3540228071" Paper_ID="/528249.html" Extracted="3540228071" DDC="004" Normalized_DDC="004" Normalized_Weight="0.08333333333333333" />
<identifier Org="ISBN:3540402101" Paper_ID="/528249.html" Extracted="3540402101" DDC="006.3/2" Normalized_DDC="00632" Normalized_Weight="0.08333333333333333" />
<identifier Org="ISBN:3540402179" Paper_ID="/528249.html" Extracted="3540402179" DDC="006.4/2" Normalized_DDC="00642" Normalized_Weight="0.08333333333333333" />
<identifier Org="ISBN:3540422358" Paper_ID="/528249.html" Extracted="3540422358" DDC="573.8" Normalized_DDC="5738" Normalized_Weight="0.08333333333333333" />
<identifier Org="ISBN:3540896880" Paper_ID="/528249.html" Extracted="3540896880" />
</rec>
<rec ID="/44268.html" Type="inproceedings" CiteSeer_Book="" CiteSeer_Volume="" Title="Stochastic simulation algorithms for dynamic probabilistic networks,">
<identifier Org="ISBN:0121197921" Paper_ID="/44268.html" Extracted="0121197921" DDC="621.36/7" Normalized_DDC="621367" Normalized_Weight="0.06666666666666667" />
<identifier Org="ISBN:0198510551" Paper_ID="/44268.html" Extracted="0198510551" DDC="003/.76" Normalized_DDC="00376" Normalized_Weight="0.06666666666666667" />
<identifier Org="ISBN:0262510987" Paper_ID="/44268.html" Extracted="0262510987" DDC="006.3" Normalized_DDC="0063" Normalized_Weight="0.06666666666666667" />
<identifier Org="ISBN:0262600323" Paper_ID="/44268.html" Extracted="0262600323" DDC="519.5" Normalized_DDC="5195" Normalized_Weight="0.06666666666666667" />
<identifier Org="ISBN:078032983X" Paper_ID="/44268.html" Extracted="078032983X" />
<identifier Org="ISBN:0805849912" Paper_ID="/44268.html" Extracted="0805849912" DDC="153" Normalized_DDC="153" Normalized_Weight="0.06666666666666667" />
<identifier Org="ISBN:0821826972" Paper_ID="/44268.html" Extracted="0821826972" DDC="510" Normalized_DDC="51" Normalized_Weight="0.06666666666666667" />
<identifier Org="ISBN:1558603859" Paper_ID="/44268.html" Extracted="1558603859" DDC="006.3" Normalized_DDC="0063" Normalized_Weight="0.06666666666666667" />
<identifier Org="ISBN:1558604855" Paper_ID="/44268.html" Extracted="1558604855" />
<identifier Org="ISBN:1558606114" Paper_ID="/44268.html" Extracted="1558606114" />
<identifier Org="ISBN:1568811551" Paper_ID="/44268.html" Extracted="1568811551" DDC="629.8/92" Normalized_DDC="629892" Normalized_Weight="0.06666666666666667" />
<identifier Org="ISBN:1581130570" Paper_ID="/44268.html" Extracted="1581130570" />
<identifier Org="ISBN:1584883871" Paper_ID="/44268.html" Extracted="1584883871" DDC="519.5/42" Normalized_DDC="519542" Normalized_Weight="0.06666666666666667" />
<identifier Org="ISBN:3540231226" Paper_ID="/44268.html" Extracted="3540231226" DDC="006.3/1" Normalized_DDC="00631" Normalized_Weight="0.06666666666666667" />
<identifier Org="ISBN:3540235272" Paper_ID="/44268.html" Extracted="3540235272" DDC="006.4" Normalized_DDC="0064" Normalized_Weight="0.06666666666666667" />
<identifier Org="ISBN:3540415874" Paper_ID="/44268.html" Extracted="3540415874" DDC="658.4/034" Normalized_DDC="6584034" Normalized_Weight="0.06666666666666667" />
<identifier Org="ISBN:3540643419" Paper_ID="/44268.html" Extracted="3540643419" DDC="006.3/2" Normalized_DDC="00632" Normalized_Weight="0.06666666666666667" />
<identifier Org="ISBN:354064413X" Paper_ID="/44268.html" Extracted="354064413X" DDC="003/.54" Normalized_DDC="00354" Normalized_Weight="0.06666666666666667" />
<identifier Org="ISBN:3540664289" Paper_ID="/44268.html" Extracted="3540664289" DDC="006.3" Normalized_DDC="0063" Normalized_Weight="0.06666666666666667" />
</rec>
<rec ID="/93110.html" Type="techreport" CiteSeer_Book="" CiteSeer_Volume="" Title="Learning Fine Motion by Markov Mixtures of Experts,">
<identifier Org="ISBN:0262012111" Paper_ID="/93110.html" Extracted="0262012111" DDC="006.3/1" Normalized_DDC="00631" Normalized_Weight="0.2" />
<identifier Org="ISBN:0262201070" Paper_ID="/93110.html" Extracted="0262201070" DDC="006.3" Normalized_DDC="0063" Normalized_Weight="0.2" />
<identifier Org="ISBN:074840595X" Paper_ID="/93110.html" Extracted="074840595X" DDC="629.8" Normalized_DDC="6298" Normalized_Weight="0.2" />
<identifier Org="ISBN:185233004X" Paper_ID="/93110.html" Extracted="185233004X" DDC="006.3/2" Normalized_DDC="00632" Normalized_Weight="0.2" />
<identifier Org="ISBN:3540643419" Paper_ID="/93110.html" Extracted="3540643419" DDC="006.3/2" Normalized_DDC="00632" Normalized_Weight="0.2" />
</rec>
<rec ID="/103274.html" Type="incollection" CiteSeer_Book="Learning in Graphical Models" CiteSeer_Volume="" Title="A new view of the {EM} algorithm that justifies incremental, sparse and other variants,">
<identifier Org="ISBN:0262150549" Paper_ID="/103274.html" Extracted="0262150549" DDC="530.15/95" Normalized_DDC="5301595" Normalized_Weight="0.09090909090909091" />
<identifier Org="ISBN:0262600420" Paper_ID="/103274.html" Extracted="0262600420" DDC="006.3/2" Normalized_DDC="00632" Normalized_Weight="0.09090909090909091" />
<identifier Org="ISBN:0521642981" Paper_ID="/103274.html" Extracted="0521642981" DDC="003/.54" Normalized_DDC="00354" Normalized_Weight="0.09090909090909091" />
<identifier Org="ISBN:157735236X" Paper_ID="/103274.html" Extracted="157735236X" />
<identifier Org="ISBN:1860947581" Paper_ID="/103274.html" Extracted="1860947581" DDC="006.3/2" Normalized_DDC="00632" Normalized_Weight="0.09090909090909091" />
<identifier Org="ISBN:3540220070" Paper_ID="/103274.html" Extracted="3540220070" DDC="006.3" Normalized_DDC="0063" Normalized_Weight="0.09090909090909091" />
<identifier Org="ISBN:3540231226" Paper_ID="/103274.html" Extracted="3540231226" DDC="006.3/1" Normalized_DDC="00631" Normalized_Weight="0.09090909090909091" />
<identifier Org="ISBN:3540288198" Paper_ID="/103274.html" Extracted="3540288198" DDC="621.382/2" Normalized_DDC="6213822" Normalized_Weight="0.09090909090909091" />
<identifier Org="ISBN:3540334521" Paper_ID="/103274.html" Extracted="3540334521" DDC="629.8/92" Normalized_DDC="629892" Normalized_Weight="0.09090909090909091" />
<identifier Org="ISBN:3540763856" Paper_ID="/103274.html" Extracted="3540763856" DDC="006.3/7" Normalized_DDC="00637" Normalized_Weight="0.09090909090909091" />
<identifier Org="ISBN:3540773428" Paper_ID="/103274.html" Extracted="3540773428" DDC="006.3/7" Normalized_DDC="00637" Normalized_Weight="0.09090909090909091" />
<identifier Org="ISBN:3540895051" Paper_ID="/103274.html" Extracted="3540895051" DDC="610.28" Normalized_DDC="61028" Normalized_Weight="0.09090909090909091" />
</rec>
<rec ID="/69892.html" Type="inproceedings" CiteSeer_Book="Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems" CiteSeer_Volume="" Title="Exploiting Tractable Substructures in Intractable Networks,">
<identifier Org="ISBN:0262100657" Paper_ID="/69892.html" Extracted="0262100657" />
<identifier Org="ISBN:0262112450" Paper_ID="/69892.html" Extracted="0262112450" />
<identifier Org="ISBN:0262122413" Paper_ID="/69892.html" Extracted="0262122413" />
<identifier Org="ISBN:0262150549" Paper_ID="/69892.html" Extracted="0262150549" DDC="530.15/95" Normalized_DDC="5301595" Normalized_Weight="0.07142857142857142" />
<identifier Org="ISBN:0262201070" Paper_ID="/69892.html" Extracted="0262201070" DDC="006.3" Normalized_DDC="0063" Normalized_Weight="0.07142857142857142" />
<identifier Org="ISBN:0262600323" Paper_ID="/69892.html" Extracted="0262600323" DDC="519.5" Normalized_DDC="5195" Normalized_Weight="0.07142857142857142" />
<identifier Org="ISBN:0262600420" Paper_ID="/69892.html" Extracted="0262600420" DDC="006.3/2" Normalized_DDC="00632" Normalized_Weight="0.07142857142857142" />
<identifier Org="ISBN:0262650606" Paper_ID="/69892.html" Extracted="0262650606" DDC="006.3/2" Normalized_DDC="00632" Normalized_Weight="0.07142857142857142" />
<identifier Org="ISBN:0470849061" Paper_ID="/69892.html" Extracted="0470849061" DDC="004.67/8/015118" Normalized_DDC="004678015118" Normalized_Weight="0.07142857142857142" />
<identifier Org="ISBN:0471741086" Paper_ID="/69892.html" Extracted="0471741086" DDC="006.32" Normalized_DDC="00632" Normalized_Weight="0.07142857142857142" />
<identifier Org="ISBN:0780356632" Paper_ID="/69892.html" Extracted="0780356632" DDC="332/.0285" Normalized_DDC="3320285" Normalized_Weight="0.07142857142857142" />
<identifier Org="ISBN:0780365364" Paper_ID="/69892.html" Extracted="0780365364" DDC="006.7" Normalized_DDC="0067" Normalized_Weight="0.07142857142857142" />
<identifier Org="ISBN:0780375033" Paper_ID="/69892.html" Extracted="0780375033" />
<identifier Org="ISBN:1852330511" Paper_ID="/69892.html" Extracted="1852330511" DDC="006.3/2" Normalized_DDC="00632" Normalized_Weight="0.07142857142857142" />
<identifier Org="ISBN:3540643419" Paper_ID="/69892.html" Extracted="3540643419" DDC="006.3/2" Normalized_DDC="00632" Normalized_Weight="0.07142857142857142" />
<identifier Org="ISBN:3540662944" Paper_ID="/69892.html" Extracted="3540662944" DDC="006.3/7" Normalized_DDC="00637" Normalized_Weight="0.07142857142857142" />
<identifier Org="ISBN:3540716807" Paper_ID="/69892.html" Extracted="3540716807" />
<identifier Org="ISBN:3540760997" Paper_ID="/69892.html" Extracted="3540760997" DDC="006.3" Normalized_DDC="0063" Normalized_Weight="0.07142857142857142" />
<identifier Org="ISBN:3540762639" Paper_ID="/69892.html" Extracted="3540762639" DDC="006.3/2" Normalized_DDC="00632" Normalized_Weight="0.07142857142857142" />
</rec>
<rec ID="/180254.html" Type="techreport" CiteSeer_Book="" CiteSeer_Volume="" Title="Probabilistic Independence Networks for Hidden Markov Probability Models,">
<identifier Org="ISBN:0262012111" Paper_ID="/180254.html" Extracted="0262012111" DDC="006.3/1" Normalized_DDC="00631" Normalized_Weight="0.0625" />
<identifier Org="ISBN:0262600323" Paper_ID="/180254.html" Extracted="0262600323" DDC="519.5" Normalized_DDC="5195" Normalized_Weight="0.0625" />
<identifier Org="ISBN:0262600420" Paper_ID="/180254.html" Extracted="0262600420" DDC="006.3/2" Normalized_DDC="00632" Normalized_Weight="0.0625" />
<identifier Org="ISBN:0262731444" Paper_ID="/180254.html" Extracted="0262731444" DDC="153.03" Normalized_DDC="15303" Normalized_Weight="0.0625" />
<identifier Org="ISBN:0818679204" Paper_ID="/180254.html" Extracted="0818679204" />
<identifier Org="ISBN:0849334179" Paper_ID="/180254.html" Extracted="0849334179" DDC="621.36/7" Normalized_DDC="621367" Normalized_Weight="0.0625" />
<identifier Org="ISBN:1402001355" Paper_ID="/180254.html" Extracted="1402001355" DDC="572.8/633/015118" Normalized_DDC="5728633015118" Normalized_Weight="0.0625" />
<identifier Org="ISBN:158488360X" Paper_ID="/180254.html" Extracted="158488360X" DDC="004" Normalized_DDC="004" Normalized_Weight="0.0625" />
<identifier Org="ISBN:1586031945" Paper_ID="/180254.html" Extracted="1586031945" DDC="362.10285" Normalized_DDC="36210285" Normalized_Weight="0.0625" />
<identifier Org="ISBN:1852334452" Paper_ID="/180254.html" Extracted="1852334452" DDC="005.3" Normalized_DDC="0053" Normalized_Weight="0.0625" />
<identifier Org="ISBN:354024509X" Paper_ID="/180254.html" Extracted="354024509X" DDC="006.3/1" Normalized_DDC="00631" Normalized_Weight="0.0625" />
<identifier Org="ISBN:3540417672" Paper_ID="/180254.html" Extracted="3540417672" DDC="006.4" Normalized_DDC="0064" Normalized_Weight="0.0625" />
<identifier Org="ISBN:3540422331" Paper_ID="/180254.html" Extracted="3540422331" DDC="004" Normalized_DDC="004" Normalized_Weight="0.0625" />
<identifier Org="ISBN:3540437819" Paper_ID="/180254.html" Extracted="3540437819" DDC="670/.285/63" Normalized_DDC="67028563" Normalized_Weight="0.0625" />
<identifier Org="ISBN:3540643419" Paper_ID="/180254.html" Extracted="3540643419" DDC="006.3/2" Normalized_DDC="00632" Normalized_Weight="0.0625" />
<identifier Org="ISBN:3540654593" Paper_ID="/180254.html" Extracted="3540654593" DDC="006.37" Normalized_DDC="00637" Normalized_Weight="0.0625" />
<identifier Org="ISBN:3540724818" Paper_ID="/180254.html" Extracted="3540724818" />
<identifier Org="ISBN:3540786511" Paper_ID="/180254.html" Extracted="3540786511" />
<identifier Org="ISBN:3540790071" Paper_ID="/180254.html" Extracted="3540790071" DDC="629.892" Normalized_DDC="629892" Normalized_Weight="0.0625" />
</rec>
<rec ID="SELF" Type="SELF" CiteSeer_Book="SELF" CiteSeer_Volume="SELF" Title="Switching State-Space Models">
<identifier Org="ISBN:0199278695" Paper_ID="SELF" Extracted="0199278695" DDC="330/.01/51955" Normalized_DDC="3300151955" Normalized_Weight="0.09090909090909091" />
<identifier Org="ISBN:0262122413" Paper_ID="SELF" Extracted="0262122413" />
<identifier Org="ISBN:0262150549" Paper_ID="SELF" Extracted="0262150549" DDC="530.15/95" Normalized_DDC="5301595" Normalized_Weight="0.09090909090909091" />
<identifier Org="ISBN:0262195682" Paper_ID="SELF" Extracted="0262195682" DDC="006.3" Normalized_DDC="0063" Normalized_Weight="0.09090909090909091" />
<identifier Org="ISBN:0262600420" Paper_ID="SELF" Extracted="0262600420" DDC="006.3/2" Normalized_DDC="00632" Normalized_Weight="0.09090909090909091" />
<identifier Org="ISBN:0387279652" Paper_ID="SELF" Extracted="0387279652" DDC="332.01/51955" Normalized_DDC="3320151955" Normalized_Weight="0.09090909090909091" />
<identifier Org="ISBN:0387329099" Paper_ID="SELF" Extracted="0387329099" />
<identifier Org="ISBN:0471369985" Paper_ID="SELF" Extracted="0471369985" DDC="006.3/2" Normalized_DDC="00632" Normalized_Weight="0.09090909090909091" />
<identifier Org="ISBN:0769519504" Paper_ID="SELF" Extracted="0769519504" />
<identifier Org="ISBN:0780356632" Paper_ID="SELF" Extracted="0780356632" DDC="332/.0285" Normalized_DDC="3320285" Normalized_Weight="0.09090909090909091" />
<identifier Org="ISBN:354021982X" Paper_ID="SELF" Extracted="354021982X" DDC="006.3/7" Normalized_DDC="00637" Normalized_Weight="0.09090909090909091" />
<identifier Org="ISBN:3540220070" Paper_ID="SELF" Extracted="3540220070" DDC="006.3" Normalized_DDC="0063" Normalized_Weight="0.09090909090909091" />
<identifier Org="ISBN:3540630732" Paper_ID="SELF" Extracted="3540630732" DDC="338.5/42" Normalized_DDC="338542" Normalized_Weight="0.09090909090909091" />
<identifier Org="ISBN:3540643419" Paper_ID="SELF" Extracted="3540643419" DDC="006.3/2" Normalized_DDC="00632" Normalized_Weight="0.09090909090909091" />
<identifier Org="ISBN:9058096912" Paper_ID="SELF" Extracted="9058096912" />
</rec>
</references_metadata>